FM21S_11058:Tue:1430:307A
XXI International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Warsaw, Poland, August 15-21, 2004

Experimental Observations of Hydrate Formation in a Convection Tank

C. F. Chen, Cho Lik Chan
Dept. of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, USA


Clathrate hydrates are crystalline compounds formed by cage-like structure of hydrogen-bonded water molecules enclosing a guest molecule of a hydrate-forming substance. Many substances such as gases and fluorocarbon refrigerants are hydrate formers. We carried out experiments to examine the hydrate formation process at the interface between water and the immiscible refrigerant R141b (CH3CCl2F). In this case, hydrate formation is possible if T is less than 281.5K and P is greater 0.04 MPa. Experiments were carried out both in quiescent and convection states. In the quiescent state at 2?C, a thin hydrate film first forms on the interface. Thereafter a mushy hydrate layer grows above the film in the water layer. In a test tank with copper sidewalls, hydrates also grow from these walls at a greater rate than those at the interface. Under the convection state, growth of the hydrate mushy layer is very much affected by the flow of water.



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